الرئيسية
Grammar Revision مراجعة ليلة الامتحان
Grammar Revision مراجعة ليلة الامتحان (قواعد)
1- Have /Have got
I've got a new dress.
He has got a headache.
Have you got any money?
Has she got a green dress?
She hasn't got a car?
I have a new dress
He has a headache
Do you have any money?
Does she have a green dress?
She doesn't have a car?
مع الكلمات التالية have نستخدم
breakfast / lunch / supper / a drink / a cup of tea/a swim / a rest / a holiday / a good time / a party/a shower / a bath / a wash/ a discussion / an argument / a fight a haircut / an operation / a baby.
- The past simple tense زمن الماضي البسيط- Noha walked down the road , she went through the door and pressed the button for the lift.
- Noha didn't walk down the road
نستخدم التصريف الثاني للفعل للتعبير عن الماضي البسيط
Used to + inf.
- When I was young I used to live in EI-Arish.
B- The Past continuous tense زمن الماضي المستمر
Was / were + verb + ing
Between six and seven thin evening, I was having breakfast.
- I was having lunch when the phone rang.
While – as - just as –when ماضي مستمر ماضي بسيط (قاطع)/أو ماضي مستمر
While I was having lunch the telephone rang.
ماضي مستمر When ماضي بسيط
I was having lunch when the telephone rang. The telephone rang while I was having lunch.
- While I was studying, my mother was cooking lunch
( While + V + Ing ) ( Gerund) إذا لم يأتي فاعل بعدها يأتي
While having lunch my friend came
3- The past perfect tenseزمن الماضي التام had + P.P.
When I got home, my mother had washed my clothes.
After, when, as soon as, , Till, until ماضي تام ماضي بسيط
Before / by the time ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
ماضي بسيط منفى Till / Until ماضي تام
After / As soon as I had done my homework, I slept.
I had done my homework before/by the time I slept I didn't sleep until I had me my homework.
4 - Comparative and superlative adjectivesمقارنة الصفات ( + صفةer + than ) المرحلة الثانية للصفة قصيرة المقطع تتكون من
( the + صفة + est ) المرحلة الثالثة للصفة قصيرة المقطع تتكون من
- Eman Is taller than Abeer - Eman is the tallest girl in school
(more ( less ) + صفة + than المرحلة الثانية للصفة طويلة المقطع تتكون من
the most (the least ) + المرحلة الثالثة للصفة طويلة المقطع تتكون من
-Gold is more expensive than silver. - Gold is the most expensive metal .
as صفة as - He is as tall as his father. نستخدمها عند تساوى الصفتين
not as (so) صفةas - He isn't as tall as his father. نستخدمها عند عدم تساوى الصفتين
good better than the best
bad worse than the worst
5- Conjunctionsالروابط
1-Although = though/even though (S + V) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة )
Although he's only 14,he's an expert at computers.
2- Despite/in spite of ( noun/ gerund ) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم عبارة )
* Despite his illness, he passed his exams.
3-As well as = besides + in addition to ( noun/ gerund)بالإضافة إلى
* Besides cooking for 20 people, I did all the washing up.
4-But =, however =, yet
* She drove very fast, however she missed the plane. However fast she drove, she missed the plane
5- Because = since = as (S + V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) لان
* Because /since we are early, I think we should wait outside.
6- Because of = owing to = due to ( noun/ gerund) بسبب
* Due to the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
7- As Ions as = provided (that ) only if (S+V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) إذا /لو/طالما
* I'll go provided ( that ) ( as long as ) you come with me.
= I'll only go if you come with me. = I won't go unless you come with me.
8- Not only + صيغة استفهامية + but + جملة كاملة + as well
* Not only have you got top marks but you've got a prize as well
9- So as to = in order to = to + inf. لكي
* He opened the door in order to see who was there.
10- So that = in order that ( Sفاعل + can/may/could/might+ verb )
* He left early so that he could/ (might ) catch the train.
11- So = therefore =that's why = - Consequently
* My bike's broken, so I'll have to walk. *I missed the train, consequently I was late for school.
The Passive المبني للمجهولam / is / are + p.p. ( Spoken ) 1. Simple present ( speak "s" ) مضارع بسيط
am / is / are being + p.p. ( repaired 2. Present cont. ( is repairing ) مضارع مستمر
was / were + p.p. (invited ) 3. Simple past ( invited ) ماضي بسيط
was / were being + p.p. ( watched ) 4. past cont. ( was watching ) ماضي مستمر
have / has been = p.p. ( paid ) 5. Present perfect ( has paid ) مضارع تام
had been + p.p. ( picked ) 6. Past perfect ( had picked ) ماضي تام
will be + pp). ( told ) 7. Future simple ( will tell ) مستقبل بسيط
will have been + p.p. ( built ) 8. Future perfect ( will have built ) مستقبل تام
going to be + p.p. ( invited ) 9. Going to ( going to invite me )
10. People say / believe / think / suppose / cam / allege he is genius. It is said that he is genius / He is said to be genius.
7- Relative clauses
1-Who / that تحل محل فاعل عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذين )
He, she, they, I ,you , we
This is the girl. She got high marks. This is the girl who / that got high marks.
2- Who /whom تحل محل مفعول عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذين)
him, her, me, them, you, us
This is my friend. You met him on Friday. This is my friend whom you met on Friday.
3- Which /That تحل محل مفعول غير عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذينthey, them, it
- I drive the car. It is expensive. - I drive the car which / that is expensive^
4- Whose تحل محل ضمائر الملكية
's, his, her, your, our their, its ,my
I met Manal. Her father is a doctor. I met Manal whose father is a doctor.
5- Where للمكان This is the school. I learnt in it. This is the school where I learnt.
6- When للزمانI met Tom. I was in England at that time. " I met Tom when I was in England
whom / which لو سبقت الأقواس بحرف جر نستخدم
I met my friends with whom I went to Alex.
محل المكان لو اقترنت بحرف جر Which تحل
I went to the library in which I read books . I went to the library where I read books .
all وكذلك لو سبقت الاقواس بكلمة that لو كانت الجملة في المرحلة الثالثة من الصفات نستخدم
9- Countable and uncountable nounsالأسماء التي تعد ولا تعد1- Countable nouns - a book, an egg, a camel books, eggs, camels -
2-Uncountable nouns light, news, behaviour , cloth , meat, soap
homework, petrol, music, advice, oil, food , information, luggage, bread , cake - time - experience, fish,
يجب حفظ الأسماء التي لا تعد حفظا جيدا مع ملاحظة أن الأسماء التي لا تعد تعامل معاملة المفرد حيث أنها لا تفرد ولا تجمع
1- هناك تعبيرات للكمية يجب معرفتها جيدا وهى كالتالي:
some – a lot of – a few – a little - في الجملة المثبتة نستخدم
some– a lot of تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد والذي لا يعد
a few مع اسم يعد a little مع اسم لا يعد
any – many – much - أما في الجملة المنفية والاستفهامية فإننا نستخدم any تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد والذي لا يعد
many تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد – much تأتى مع الاسم الذي لا يعد
هناك تعبيرات للتجزئة يجب مراجعتها جيدا
a bit of/ a piece of cloth / a sheet of paper / a slice of meat/ a loaf of bread / a bottle of milk / a jar pf jam / a tube of toothpaste / a bar of chocolate / a bar of soap
10- The present perfect tense زمن المضارع التامhave / has + P.P.
- I have bought 'a new shirt . - She has learnt English since 1996.
lately تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام - I haven't seen him lately.
recently تستخدم في الإثبات والاستفهام - I have joined a music club recently
yet تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام - I haven't met her yet
already تستخدم في الإثبات والاستفهام - I have already bought a new shirt.
ever تستخدم في والاستفهام - Have you ever been to America?
never تستخدم في النفي - I have never been to America.
since تاريخ محدد تأتي مع - He hasn't met her since last week.
For مدة محددة تأتي مع - He hasn't met her for a week.
have gone يذهب لمكان ويظل هناك - He has gone to Aswan = (he is still there)
have been يذهب لمكان ويعود - He has been to Aswan = (he came back)
لاحظ التحويلات التالية لأنها هامة جدا
- I last ate fish when I visited my uncle. I haven't eaten fish since I visited my uncle
- I last ate fish was 3 weeks ago . It's 3 weeks since I ate fish .
It's + مدة زمنية + since + جملة ماضي بسيط
- Just /a moment ago - He left me a moment ago - He has just left me.
11- Past tenses أزمنة الماضي
للتعبير عن الماضي البسيط نستخدم التالي
1- From + تاريخ في الماضي + to + تاريخ في الماضي - She studied at Giza School from 1 996 to 1 999
2-In + تاريخ في الماضي - Noha was born in 1 989.
مدة زمنيه + ago - Her family moved to Giza nine years ago.
. for مدة زمنيه+ - She went to school for six years
(have / has + been + verb + ing ) زمن المضارع التام المستمر
- Ahmed has been working there (ever) since he passed his exams.
- Ahmed has been working there since 1997. (ago) لتحويل هذة الجملة إلى
- Ahmed began to work there 9 years ago
need to + be + PP / need + verb +ing
- The car is dirty. - It needs to be washed. - It needs washing.
12- Reflexive Pronouns الضمائر المنعكسةI myself - he himself - she herself
it itself - you yourself - yourselves / they themselves
we ourselves - one oneself
- I'll pay for myself. -He looked at himself in the mirror. - Ayah cut herself.
- Who mended your car for you? No body, I repaired it myself.
- I went school on my own = alone = without any help = with no help
- I learned German by myself.
13- Prepositions حروف الجر
1- Noun + preposition اسم + حرف جر
reason for تفسير / damage to /تلف لcause of سبب في /a solution to حل ل / advantage of ميزة expert on خبير في /disease of مرض / increase in زيادة في /function of وظيفة /decrease in نقص في
2- Adjective + preposition صفة + حرف جر Delighted with/ Pleased with مسرور ب Disappointed with محبط من / Angry with غاضب من شخص
Annoyed with/ Furious with متضايق من Bored with Fed up with متضجر من Good at جيد في
Bad at سيئ في/ Hopeless at فاقد الأمل في /Brilliant at لامع ف/ Angry about annoyed about غاضب من worried about قلق على / happy about سعيد ب / excited about منفعل ب / proud of فخور ب
afraid of / terrified of / scarce of / frightened of خائف من / ashamed of خجلان من
3-Verb + Preposition فعل + حرف جر
Apply for يتقدم لوظيفة/ Care for يهتم ب / Complain of يشكو من / Consist of يتكون من /Complain to يشكو من Belong to ينتمي ل / die of يموت من / crash into / bump into /run into /drive into يصطدم ب
4-Verb + object + preposition فعل +حرف جر + مفعول borrow ... from blame ... for accuse ... of prepare ...for
discourage…… from charge ...with inform ... about/of congratulate ... on
- The police accused the thief of stealing my car. - The teacher prepared her class for the exam.
Provided, provided that, as slog as, unless = If
- You can borrow my book if you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book provided you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book provided that you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully
Unless = if...... not- I'll go to the club unless I have to work, - I'll go to the club if I don't have to work.
Grammar Revision مراجعة ليلة الامتحان (قواعد)
1- Have /Have got
I've got a new dress.
He has got a headache.
Have you got any money?
Has she got a green dress?
She hasn't got a car?
I have a new dress
He has a headache
Do you have any money?
Does she have a green dress?
She doesn't have a car?
مع الكلمات التالية have نستخدم
breakfast / lunch / supper / a drink / a cup of tea/a swim / a rest / a holiday / a good time / a party/a shower / a bath / a wash/ a discussion / an argument / a fight a haircut / an operation / a baby.
- The past simple tense زمن الماضي البسيط- Noha walked down the road , she went through the door and pressed the button for the lift.
- Noha didn't walk down the road
نستخدم التصريف الثاني للفعل للتعبير عن الماضي البسيط
Used to + inf.
- When I was young I used to live in EI-Arish.
B- The Past continuous tense زمن الماضي المستمر
Was / were + verb + ing
Between six and seven thin evening, I was having breakfast.
- I was having lunch when the phone rang.
While – as - just as –when ماضي مستمر ماضي بسيط (قاطع)/أو ماضي مستمر
While I was having lunch the telephone rang.
ماضي مستمر When ماضي بسيط
I was having lunch when the telephone rang. The telephone rang while I was having lunch.
- While I was studying, my mother was cooking lunch
( While + V + Ing ) ( Gerund) إذا لم يأتي فاعل بعدها يأتي
While having lunch my friend came
3- The past perfect tenseزمن الماضي التام had + P.P.
When I got home, my mother had washed my clothes.
After, when, as soon as, , Till, until ماضي تام ماضي بسيط
Before / by the time ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
ماضي بسيط منفى Till / Until ماضي تام
After / As soon as I had done my homework, I slept.
I had done my homework before/by the time I slept I didn't sleep until I had me my homework.
4 - Comparative and superlative adjectivesمقارنة الصفات ( + صفةer + than ) المرحلة الثانية للصفة قصيرة المقطع تتكون من
( the + صفة + est ) المرحلة الثالثة للصفة قصيرة المقطع تتكون من
- Eman Is taller than Abeer - Eman is the tallest girl in school
(more ( less ) + صفة + than المرحلة الثانية للصفة طويلة المقطع تتكون من
the most (the least ) + المرحلة الثالثة للصفة طويلة المقطع تتكون من
-Gold is more expensive than silver. - Gold is the most expensive metal .
as صفة as - He is as tall as his father. نستخدمها عند تساوى الصفتين
not as (so) صفةas - He isn't as tall as his father. نستخدمها عند عدم تساوى الصفتين
good better than the best
bad worse than the worst
5- Conjunctionsالروابط
1-Although = though/even though (S + V) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة )
Although he's only 14,he's an expert at computers.
2- Despite/in spite of ( noun/ gerund ) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم عبارة )
* Despite his illness, he passed his exams.
3-As well as = besides + in addition to ( noun/ gerund)بالإضافة إلى
* Besides cooking for 20 people, I did all the washing up.
4-But =, however =, yet
* She drove very fast, however she missed the plane. However fast she drove, she missed the plane
5- Because = since = as (S + V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) لان
* Because /since we are early, I think we should wait outside.
6- Because of = owing to = due to ( noun/ gerund) بسبب
* Due to the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
7- As Ions as = provided (that ) only if (S+V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) إذا /لو/طالما
* I'll go provided ( that ) ( as long as ) you come with me.
= I'll only go if you come with me. = I won't go unless you come with me.
8- Not only + صيغة استفهامية + but + جملة كاملة + as well
* Not only have you got top marks but you've got a prize as well
9- So as to = in order to = to + inf. لكي
* He opened the door in order to see who was there.
10- So that = in order that ( Sفاعل + can/may/could/might+ verb )
* He left early so that he could/ (might ) catch the train.
11- So = therefore =that's why = - Consequently
* My bike's broken, so I'll have to walk. *I missed the train, consequently I was late for school.
The Passive المبني للمجهولam / is / are + p.p. ( Spoken ) 1. Simple present ( speak "s" ) مضارع بسيط
am / is / are being + p.p. ( repaired 2. Present cont. ( is repairing ) مضارع مستمر
was / were + p.p. (invited ) 3. Simple past ( invited ) ماضي بسيط
was / were being + p.p. ( watched ) 4. past cont. ( was watching ) ماضي مستمر
have / has been = p.p. ( paid ) 5. Present perfect ( has paid ) مضارع تام
had been + p.p. ( picked ) 6. Past perfect ( had picked ) ماضي تام
will be + pp). ( told ) 7. Future simple ( will tell ) مستقبل بسيط
will have been + p.p. ( built ) 8. Future perfect ( will have built ) مستقبل تام
going to be + p.p. ( invited ) 9. Going to ( going to invite me )
10. People say / believe / think / suppose / cam / allege he is genius. It is said that he is genius / He is said to be genius.
7- Relative clauses
1-Who / that تحل محل فاعل عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذين )
He, she, they, I ,you , we
This is the girl. She got high marks. This is the girl who / that got high marks.
2- Who /whom تحل محل مفعول عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذين)
him, her, me, them, you, us
This is my friend. You met him on Friday. This is my friend whom you met on Friday.
3- Which /That تحل محل مفعول غير عاقل وهم بمعنى (الذي/التي/الذينthey, them, it
- I drive the car. It is expensive. - I drive the car which / that is expensive^
4- Whose تحل محل ضمائر الملكية
's, his, her, your, our their, its ,my
I met Manal. Her father is a doctor. I met Manal whose father is a doctor.
5- Where للمكان This is the school. I learnt in it. This is the school where I learnt.
6- When للزمانI met Tom. I was in England at that time. " I met Tom when I was in England
whom / which لو سبقت الأقواس بحرف جر نستخدم
I met my friends with whom I went to Alex.
محل المكان لو اقترنت بحرف جر Which تحل
I went to the library in which I read books . I went to the library where I read books .
all وكذلك لو سبقت الاقواس بكلمة that لو كانت الجملة في المرحلة الثالثة من الصفات نستخدم
9- Countable and uncountable nounsالأسماء التي تعد ولا تعد1- Countable nouns - a book, an egg, a camel books, eggs, camels -
2-Uncountable nouns light, news, behaviour , cloth , meat, soap
homework, petrol, music, advice, oil, food , information, luggage, bread , cake - time - experience, fish,
يجب حفظ الأسماء التي لا تعد حفظا جيدا مع ملاحظة أن الأسماء التي لا تعد تعامل معاملة المفرد حيث أنها لا تفرد ولا تجمع
1- هناك تعبيرات للكمية يجب معرفتها جيدا وهى كالتالي:
some – a lot of – a few – a little - في الجملة المثبتة نستخدم
some– a lot of تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد والذي لا يعد
a few مع اسم يعد a little مع اسم لا يعد
any – many – much - أما في الجملة المنفية والاستفهامية فإننا نستخدم any تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد والذي لا يعد
many تأتي مع الاسم الذي يعد – much تأتى مع الاسم الذي لا يعد
هناك تعبيرات للتجزئة يجب مراجعتها جيدا
a bit of/ a piece of cloth / a sheet of paper / a slice of meat/ a loaf of bread / a bottle of milk / a jar pf jam / a tube of toothpaste / a bar of chocolate / a bar of soap
10- The present perfect tense زمن المضارع التامhave / has + P.P.
- I have bought 'a new shirt . - She has learnt English since 1996.
lately تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام - I haven't seen him lately.
recently تستخدم في الإثبات والاستفهام - I have joined a music club recently
yet تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام - I haven't met her yet
already تستخدم في الإثبات والاستفهام - I have already bought a new shirt.
ever تستخدم في والاستفهام - Have you ever been to America?
never تستخدم في النفي - I have never been to America.
since تاريخ محدد تأتي مع - He hasn't met her since last week.
For مدة محددة تأتي مع - He hasn't met her for a week.
have gone يذهب لمكان ويظل هناك - He has gone to Aswan = (he is still there)
have been يذهب لمكان ويعود - He has been to Aswan = (he came back)
لاحظ التحويلات التالية لأنها هامة جدا
- I last ate fish when I visited my uncle. I haven't eaten fish since I visited my uncle
- I last ate fish was 3 weeks ago . It's 3 weeks since I ate fish .
It's + مدة زمنية + since + جملة ماضي بسيط
- Just /a moment ago - He left me a moment ago - He has just left me.
11- Past tenses أزمنة الماضي
للتعبير عن الماضي البسيط نستخدم التالي
1- From + تاريخ في الماضي + to + تاريخ في الماضي - She studied at Giza School from 1 996 to 1 999
2-In + تاريخ في الماضي - Noha was born in 1 989.
مدة زمنيه + ago - Her family moved to Giza nine years ago.
. for مدة زمنيه+ - She went to school for six years
(have / has + been + verb + ing ) زمن المضارع التام المستمر
- Ahmed has been working there (ever) since he passed his exams.
- Ahmed has been working there since 1997. (ago) لتحويل هذة الجملة إلى
- Ahmed began to work there 9 years ago
need to + be + PP / need + verb +ing
- The car is dirty. - It needs to be washed. - It needs washing.
12- Reflexive Pronouns الضمائر المنعكسةI myself - he himself - she herself
it itself - you yourself - yourselves / they themselves
we ourselves - one oneself
- I'll pay for myself. -He looked at himself in the mirror. - Ayah cut herself.
- Who mended your car for you? No body, I repaired it myself.
- I went school on my own = alone = without any help = with no help
- I learned German by myself.
13- Prepositions حروف الجر
1- Noun + preposition اسم + حرف جر
reason for تفسير / damage to /تلف لcause of سبب في /a solution to حل ل / advantage of ميزة expert on خبير في /disease of مرض / increase in زيادة في /function of وظيفة /decrease in نقص في
2- Adjective + preposition صفة + حرف جر Delighted with/ Pleased with مسرور ب Disappointed with محبط من / Angry with غاضب من شخص
Annoyed with/ Furious with متضايق من Bored with Fed up with متضجر من Good at جيد في
Bad at سيئ في/ Hopeless at فاقد الأمل في /Brilliant at لامع ف/ Angry about annoyed about غاضب من worried about قلق على / happy about سعيد ب / excited about منفعل ب / proud of فخور ب
afraid of / terrified of / scarce of / frightened of خائف من / ashamed of خجلان من
3-Verb + Preposition فعل + حرف جر
Apply for يتقدم لوظيفة/ Care for يهتم ب / Complain of يشكو من / Consist of يتكون من /Complain to يشكو من Belong to ينتمي ل / die of يموت من / crash into / bump into /run into /drive into يصطدم ب
4-Verb + object + preposition فعل +حرف جر + مفعول borrow ... from blame ... for accuse ... of prepare ...for
discourage…… from charge ...with inform ... about/of congratulate ... on
- The police accused the thief of stealing my car. - The teacher prepared her class for the exam.
Provided, provided that, as slog as, unless = If
- You can borrow my book if you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book provided you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book provided that you use it carefully
- You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully
Unless = if...... not- I'll go to the club unless I have to work, - I'll go to the club if I don't have to work.